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In Europe, landscape research has a longtradition of drawing on several disciplines. ‘Nationalschools’ of landscape research developed, which wererelated to the characteristic landscapes found in thedifferent countries and to specific linguistic meaningsand legal traditions when using landscape relatedconcepts. International co-operation demands a certainharmonization of these concepts for better mutualunderstanding. The 2000 European Landscape Conventionprovided an important momentum to rethinkresearch, policy and management of landscapes fromthe perspective of sustainable development and participatoryplanning. Landscape ecology as a transdisciplinaryscience with a dynamic and holisticperspective on landscape offers a great potential foran integrative approach. The specificity of the European landscape research rests on its long historyand on integration based on the great diversity of thelandscapes, characterised by an intimate relationshipbetween the varied natural environment and thedifferent cultural traditions which define the identityof countries, regions and people. Within a unifiedEurope, with increasing international and trans-borderco-operation and increasing common environmentalproblems, the creation of a specific European Associationfor Landscape Ecology (IALE-Europe), inaddition to the existing international association andits national chapters, became justified by the need for acollaborative endeavour to address the specific problemsof landscapes in Europe and to stimulate cooperationbetween landscape ecologists in research,education and practice

landscape ecology

How landscape ecology can promote the development of sustainable landscapes in Europe: the role of the European Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE-Europe) in the twenty-first century