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Radioactivity concentrations of  137 Cs in seawaters and bottom sediments have been measured in the coastal waters off all nuclear power plant sites in Japan. Sediment distribution coefficient ( K  d ) values obtained before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were variable and related to the specific surface area of the bottom sediment. A mathematical model suggested that before the accident the  K  d  values were in the transient state approaching a dynamic equilibrium with a converged  K  d  value of 1000–1600. Based on a post-accident mathematical model, the apparent  K  d  reached the maximum of about 10 4  and then decreased until now, converging to 6 × 10 3  on average.

journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry

Temporal trends of 137Cs concentration in seawaters and bottom sediments in coastal waters around Japan: implications for the Kd concept in the dynamic marine environment