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A central goal of synthetic biology is to design sophisticated syntheticcellular circuits that can perform complex computations and informationprocessing tasks in response to specific inputs. The tremendous advances in ourability to understand and manipulate cellular information processing networksraises several fundamental physics questions: How do the molecular componentsof cellular circuits exploit energy consumption to improve informationprocessing? Can one utilize ideas from thermodynamics to improve the design ofsynthetic cellular circuits and modules? Here, we summarize recent theoreticalwork addressing these questions. Energy consumption in cellular circuits servesfive basic purposes: (1) increasing specificity, (2) manipulating dynamics, (3)reducing variability, (4) amplifying signal, and (5) erasing memory. Wedemonstrate these ideas using several simple examples and discuss theimplications of these theoretical ideas for the emerging field of syntheticbiology. We conclude by discussing how it may be possible to overcome theselimitations using "post-translational" synthetic biology that exploitsreversible protein modification.

Landauer in the age of synthetic biology: energy consumption and information processing in biochemical networks