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A broadband two-layer anti-reflection (AR) coating was developed for use on asapphire half-wave plate (HWP) and an alumina infrared (IR) filter for cosmicmicrowave background (CMB) polarimetry. Measuring tiny CMB B-mode signalsrequires maximizing the number of photons reaching the detectors and minimizingspurious polarization due to reflection with an off-axis incident angle.However, a sapphire HWP and an alumina IR filter have high refractive indicesof about 3.1, and an AR coating must be applied to them. Thermally sprayedmullite and Duroid 5880LZ were selected in terms of index and coefficient ofthermal expansion for use at cryogenic temperatures. With these materials, thereflectivity was reduced to about 2% at 90/150 GHz and <1% at 220/280 GHz. Thedesign, fabrication, and optical performance evaluation of the AR coatings aredescribed. The coatings were used in a current ground-based CMB experimentcalled the Simons Array. They could also be applied to next-generation CMBexperiments, such as the Simons Observatory.

Broadband multi-layer anti-reflection coatings with mullite and duroid for half-wave plates and alumina filters for CMB polarimetry