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Synthetic pheromones have been used for pest control over several decades. The conventional synthesis of di-unsaturated pheromone compounds is usually complex and costly. Camelina ( Camelina sativa ) has emerged as an ideal, non-food biotech oilseed platform for production of oils with modified fatty acid compositions. We used Camelina as a plant factory to produce mono- and di-unsaturated C 12  chain length moth sex pheromone precursors, ( E )-9-dodecenoic acid and ( E , E )-8,10-dodecadienoic acid, by introducing a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase FatB gene  UcTE  from California bay laurel ( Umbellularia californica ) and a bifunctional ∆9 desaturase gene  Cpo_CPRQ  from the codling moth,  Cydia pomonella . Different transgene combinations were investigated for increasing pheromone precursor yield. The most productive Camelina line was engineered with a vector that contained one copy of  UcTE  and the viral suppressor protein encoding  P19  transgenes and three copies of  Cpo_CPRQ  transgene. The T 2  generation of this line produced 9.4% of ( E )-9-dodecenoic acid and 5.5% of ( E , E )-8,10-dodecadienoic acid of the total fatty acids, and seeds were selected to advance top-performing lines to homozygosity. In the T 4  generation, production levels of ( E )-9-dodecenoic acid and ( E , E )-8,10-dodecadienoic acid remained stable. The diene acid together with other seed fatty acids were converted into corresponding alcohols, and the bioactivity of the plant-derived codlemone was confirmed by GC-EAD and a flight tunnel assay. Trapping in orchards and home gardens confirmed significant and specific attraction of  C. pomonella  males to the plant-derived codlemone.

journal of chemical ecology

Green Chemistry Production of Codlemone, the Sex Pheromone of the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella), by Metabolic Engineering of the Oilseed Crop Camelina (Camelina sativa)