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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the pelagophyte  Aureococcus anophagefferens  have spread globally and are a threat to coastal ecosystems. Although some HAB mitigation techniques such as algal biocides can be effective, many such approaches can have negative consequences on the environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate alternative HAB mitigation approaches that are ecologically safe and commercially viable. Here, we examine the effects of two rhodophyte seaweeds,  Gracilaria tikvahiae  and  Dasysiphonia japonica , on  A. anophagefferens . During experiments, multiple  A. anophagefferens  strains were co-cultured with densities of seaweed encompassing a range of environmental and aquaculture settings (0.25–3.00 g L −1 ). The co-effects of nutrients, heterotrophic bacteria and pH were also assessed, and  A. anophagefferens  cell concentrations and photosynthetic efficiency were quantified. In nearly all experiments,  G. tikvahiae  and  D. japonica  significantly reduced  A. anophagefferens  cell concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, with the effectiveness of each seaweed depending primarily on both  A. anophagefferens  and seaweed densities. The algicidal effects of  D. japonica  were significantly stronger than  G. tikvahiae  and other algicidal seaweeds (e.g.,  Ulva  spp.). Allelopathy was the most potent mechanism for inhibition of  A. anophagefferens ; heterotrophic bacteria, nutrient limitation and elevated pH appeared to have lesser co-effects. These findings, in conjunction with the well-known nutrient removal capacity of seaweeds, suggest that the temporal and spatial dynamics of these rhodophytes may influence brown tides in shallow estuaries and that the use of seaweeds such as  G. tikvahiae   in aquaculture may be a promising mitigation strategy for this and other HABs in coastal ecosystems.

journal of applied phycology

Inhibition of harmful algal blooms caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae) using native (Gracilaria tikvahiae) and invasive (Dasysiphonia japonica) red seaweeds from North America