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Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency wherein phagocytes are unable to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) owing to a defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) complex. Patients with CGD experience bacterial and fungal infections and excessive inflammatory disorders. Bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy are theoretically curative; however, residual pathogenic components cause inflammation and/or organic damage in patients. Moreover, antibiotic treatments may not help in preventing excessive inflammation due to the residual presence of fungal cell wall β-glucan. Thus, better treatment strategies against CGD are urgently required. Polyethylene glycol–conjugated recombinant porcine  d -amino acid oxidase (PEG-pDAO) supplies ROS to defective NADPH oxidase in neutrophils of patients with CGD, following which the neutrophils regain bactericidal activity  in vitro . In this study, we employed an  in vivo  nonviable  Candida albicans  (nCA)–induced lung inflammation model of gp91-phox knockout CGD mice and supplied novel PEG conjugates of  Fusarium  spp.  d -amino acid oxidase (PEG-fDAO), as it exhibits higher enzyme activity than PEG-pDAO. The body weight, lung weight, and lung pathology were evaluated using three experimental strategies with the  in vivo  lung inflammation model to test the efficacy of the ROS-generating enzyme replacement therapy with PEG-fDAO. The lung weight and pathological findings suggest the condition was ameliorated by administration PEG-fDAO, followed by intraperitoneal injection of  d -phenylalanine or  d -proline. Although a more precise protocol is essential, these data reveal the targeted delivery of PEG-fDAO to the nCA-induced inflammation site and show that PEG-fDAO can be used to treat inflammation in CGD  in vivo .

Treatment with Polyethylene Glycol–Conjugated Fungal d-Amino Acid Oxidase Reduces Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Granulomatous Disease