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Eutrophication is an increasing global threat to freshwater ecosystems. East Africa’s Lake\udVictoria has suffered from severe eutrophication in the past decades which is partly responsible for the dramatic decline in haplochromine cichlid species diversity. However, some zooplanktivorous and detritivorous haplochromine species recovered and shifted\udtheir diet towards macro invertebrates and fish. We used four formalin preserved cichlid species caught over the past 35 years to investigate whether stable isotopes of these fish are reflecting the dietary changes, habitat differences and if these isotopes can be used as indicators of eutrophication. We found that d15N signatures mainly reflected dietary shifts to larger prey in all four haplochromine species. Shifts in d13C signatures likely represented habitat differences and dietary changes. In addition, a shift to  remarkably heavy d13C signatures in 2011 was found for all four species which might infer increased primary production and thus eutrophication although more research\udis needed to confirm this hypothesis. The observed temporal changes confirm previous findings that preserved specimens can be used to trace historical changes in fish ecology and the aquatic environment. This highlights the need for continued sampling as\udthis information could be of essence for reconstructing and predicting the effects of environmental changes

Changing ecology of Lake Victoria cichlids and their environment: evidence from C13 and N15 analyses