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Four mitochondrial minisatellites were used to study cytoplasmic diversity in leaf and garden beetgermplasm resources. Eleven multi-locus haplotypes were identified, of which one (namedmitochondrial minisatellite haplotype 4, hereafter min04) was associated with male-sterile Owencytoplasm and two others (min09 and min18), with a normal fertile cytoplasm. European leaf beetgermplasm exhibited the greatest haplotype diversity, with min09 and min18 predominating. In NorthAfrican leaf beet accessions, only these two haplotypes were observed, making it likely that NorthAfrican accessions were descended from European genotypes. The prevalence of min18 was also notedin leaf beet from the Middle East and western Asia. Such a pattern contrasts with that found in eastAsian leaf beet where the two haplotypes were extremely rare. The geographical structure of themitochondrial haplotypes allowed us to infer possible dissemination pathways of leaf beet. Additionally,we showed that mitochondrial genome diversity was low in garden beet germplasm, with min18 beinghighly predominant. An explanation of this limited diversity may lie in the geographically restrictedorigin of as well as relatively short cultivation histories of garden beet

genetic resources and crop evolution

Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop