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A 3D model of a tectonically complex portion of the Southern Alps consisting of deformed sedimentary units has been reconstructed by means of a procedure that has been iteratively applied until the field observations were honoured in detail by the model. The model derives from surface geological data and their elaboration by means of a grid of geological cross-sections, constraining the modelled geological surfaces (both faults and lithological contacts). In order to improve the quality of the final reconstruction, new field data have been collected where the model did not fit with outcrop geometries and, where necessary, new geological sections have been drawn to improve geological data before 3D interpolation. The 3D software (gOcad®) demonstrated its efficiency in the interpolation of complex geological data (geological surfaces from geological maps, bedding and fault attitudes, geological cross-sections) through the comparisons of the reconstructed 3D geological surfaces with well-exposed structures (i.e. overturned folds, thrust surfaces, stratigraphic surfaces displaced by faults). The cross-check of the model with field data allowed to correct and thus improve both the geological map and the 3D model, in a virtuous process. The obtained model represents the starting point for further 3D elaborations.

3D reconstruction from surface data in complex geological settings: the example of a thrust stack in the Mesozoic cover of the Southern Alps (Italy)