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The magnetic activity of the Sun directly impacts the Earth and human life.Likewise, other stars will have an impact on the habitability of planetsorbiting these host stars. The lack of information on the magnetic field in thehigher atmospheric layers hampers our progress in understanding solar magneticactivity. Overcoming this limitation would allow us to address four paramountlong-standing questions: (1) How does the magnetic field couple the differentlayers of the atmosphere, and how does it transport energy? (2) How does themagnetic field structure, drive and interact with the plasma in thechromosphere and upper atmosphere? (3) How does the magnetic field destabilisethe outer solar atmosphere and thus affect the interplanetary environment? (4)How do magnetic processes accelerate particles to high energies? Newground-breaking observations are needed to address these science questions. Wesuggest a suite of three instruments that far exceed current capabilities interms of spatial resolution, light-gathering power, and polarimetricperformance: (a) A large-aperture UV-to-IR telescope of the 1-3 m class aimedmainly to measure the magnetic field in the chromosphere by combining highspatial resolution and high sensitivity. (b) An extreme-UV-to-IR coronagraphthat is designed to measure the large-scale magnetic field in the corona withan aperture of about 40 cm. (c) An extreme-UV imaging polarimeter based on a 30cm telescope that combines high throughput in the extreme UV with polarimetryto connect the magnetic measurements of the other two instruments. This missionto measure the magnetic field will unlock the driver of the dynamics in theouter solar atmosphere and thereby greatly advance our understanding of the Sunand the heliosphere.

Magnetic Imaging of the Outer Solar Atmosphere (MImOSA): Unlocking the driver of the dynamics in the upper solar atmosphere