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We propose the development of X-ray interferometry (XRI), to reveal theuniverse at high energies with ultra-high spatial resolution. With baselineswhich can be accommodated on a single spacecraft, XRI can reach 100 $\mu$asresolution at 10 \AA (1.2 keV) and 20 $\mu$as at 2 \AA (6 keV), enablingimaging and imaging-spectroscopy of (for example) X-ray coronae of nearbyaccreting supermassive black holes (SMBH) and the SMBH `shadow'; SMBH accretionflows and outflows; X-ray binary winds and orbits; stellar coronae within ~100pc and many exoplanets which transit across them. For sufficiently luminoussources XRI will resolve sub-pc scales across the entire observable universe,revealing accreting binary SMBHs and enabling trigonometric measurements of theHubble constant with X-ray light echoes from quasars or explosive transients. Amulti-spacecraft `constellation' interferometer would resolve well below 1$\mu$as, enabling SMBH event horizons to be resolved in many active galaxiesand the detailed study of the effects of strong field gravity on the dynamicsand emission from accreting gas close to the black hole.

The high energy universe at ultra-high resolution: the power and promise of X-ray interferometry