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We propose a new mission called Space Project for Astrophysical andCosmological Exploration (SPACE) as part on the ESA long term planning Voyage2050 programme. SPACE will study galaxy evolution at the earliest times, withthe key goals of charting the formation of the heavy elements, measuring theevolution of the galaxy luminosity function, tracing the build-up of stellarmass in galaxies over cosmic time, and finding the first super-massive blackholes (SMBHs) to form. The mission will exploit a unique region of theparameter space, between the narrow ultra-deep surveys with HST and JWST, andshallow wide-field surveys such as Roman Space Telescope and EUCLID, and shouldyield by far the largest sample of any current or planned mission of very highredshift galaxies at z > 10 which are sufficiently bright for detailedfollow-up spectroscopy. Crucially, we propose a wide-field spectroscopicnear-IR + mid-IR capability which will greatly enhance our understanding of thefirst galaxies by detecting and identifying a statistical sample of the firstgalaxies and the first SMBH, and to chart the metal enrichment history ofgalaxies in the early Universe - potentially finding signatures of the veryfirst stars to form from metal-free primordial gas. The wide-field andwavelength range of SPACE will also provide us a unique opportunity to studystar formation by performing a wide survey of the Milky Way in the near-IR +mid-IR. This science project can be enabled either by a stand-alone ESA-led Mmission or by an instrument for an L mission (with ESA and/or NASA, JAXA andother international space agencies) with a wide-field (sub-)millimetrecapability at wavelength > 500 microns.

experimental astronomy

Space Project for Astrophysical and Cosmological Exploration (SPACE), an  ESA stand-alone mission and a possible contribution to the Origins Space  Telescope