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The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1(EUSO-SPB1) instrument was launched out of Wanaka, New Zealand, by NASA inApril, 2017 as a mission of opportunity. The detector was developed as part ofthe Joint Experimental Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory(JEM-EUSO) program toward a space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR)telescope with the main objective to make the first observation of UHECRs viathe fluorescence technique from suborbital space. The EUSO-SPB1 instrument is arefractive telescope consisting of two 1m$^2$ Fresnel lenses with a high-speedUV camera at the focal plane. The camera has 2304 individual pixels capable ofsingle photoelectron counting with a time resolution of 2.5$\mu$s. A detailedperformance study including calibration was done on ground. We separatelyevaluated the properties of the Photo Detector Module (PDM) and the opticalsystem in the laboratory. An end-to-end test of the instrument was performedduring a field campaign in the West Desert in Utah, USA at the Telescope Array(TA) site in September 2016. The campaign lasted for 8 nights. In this articlewe present the results of the preflight laboratory and field tests. Based onthe tests performed in the field, it was determined that EUSO-SPB1 has a fieldof view of 11.1$^\circ$ and an absolute photo-detection efficiency of 10%. Wealso measured the light flux necessary to obtain a 50% trigger efficiency usinglaser beams. These measurements were crucial for us to perform an accurate postflight event rate calculation to validate our cosmic ray search. Laser beamswere also used to estimated the reconstruction angular resolution. Finally, weperformed a flat field measurement in flight configuration at the launch siteprior to the launch providing a uniformity of the focal surface better than 6%.

Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 calibration: from the laboratory to the desert