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The ELT is a 39m large, ground-based optical and near- to mid-infraredtelescope under construction in the Chilean Atacama desert. Operation isplanned to start around the middle of the next decade. All first lightinstruments will come with wavefront sensing devices that allow control of theELT's intrinsic M4 and M5 wavefront correction units, thus building an adaptiveoptics (AO) system. To take advantage of the ELT's optical performance, fulldiffraction-limited operation is required and only a high performance AO systemcan deliver this. Further technically challenging requirements for the AO comefrom the exoplanet research field, where the task to resolve the very smallangular separations between host star and planet, has also to take into accountthe high-contrast ratio between the two objects. We present in detail theresults of our simulations and their impact on high-contrast imaging in orderto find the optimal wavefront sensing device for the METIS instrument. METIS isthe mid-infrared imager and spectrograph for the ELT with specialisedhigh-contrast, coronagraphic imaging capabilities, whose performance stronglydepends on the AO residual wavefront errors. We examined the sky and targetsample coverage of a generic wavefront sensor in two spectral regimes, visibleand near-infrared, to pre-select the spectral range for the more detailedwavefront sensor type analysis. We find that the near-infrared regime is themost suitable for METIS. We then analysed the performance of Shack-Hartmann andpyramid wavefront sensors under realistic conditions at the ELT, did abalancing with our scientific requirements, and concluded that a pyramidwavefront sensor is the best choice for METIS. For this choice we additionallyexamined the impact of non-common path aberrations, of vibrations, and thelong-term stability of the SCAO system including high-contrast imagingperformance.

Single conjugate adaptive optics for the ELT instrument METIS