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Planetary plasma and magnetic field environments can be studied by in situmeasurements or by remote sensing. While the former provide precise informationabout plasma behaviour, instabilities and dynamics on local scales, the latteroffers the global view necessary to understand the overall interaction of themagnetospheric plasma with the solar wind. Here we propose a novel and moreelegant approach employing remote X-ray imaging techniques, which are nowpossible thanks to the relatively recent discovery of solar wind chargeexchange X-ray emissions in the vicinity of the Earth's magnetosphere. Wedescribe how an appropriately designed and located X-ray telescope, supportedby simultaneous in situ measurements of the solar wind, can be used to imagethe dayside magnetosphere, magnetosheath and bow shock, with a temporal andspatial resolution sufficient to address several key outstanding questionsconcerning how the solar wind interacts with the Earth's magnetosphere on aglobal level. Our studies have led us to propose 'AXIOM: Advanced X-ray ImagingOf the Magnetosphere', a concept mission using a Vega launcher with a LISAPathfinder-type Propulsion Module to place the spacecraft in a Lissajous orbitaround the Earth - Moon L1 point. The model payload consists of an X-ray WideField Imager and an in situ plasma and magnetic field measurement package. Thispackage comprises sensors designed to measure the bulk properties of the solarwind and to characterise its minor ion populations which cause charge exchangeemission, and a magnetometer designed to measure the strength and direction ofthe solar wind magnetic field. We show simulations that demonstrate how theproposed X-ray telescope design is capable of imaging the predicted emissionfrom the dayside magnetosphere with the sensitivity and cadence required toachieve the science goals of the mission.

AXIOM: Advanced X-ray Imaging Of the Magnetosphere