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The complex nature of physiological\udtraits associated with drought tolerance and the\uddifficulties associated with their measurements in\udsegregating populations and large number of genotypes\udinhibited their use in the past in developing\udwater-use efficient genotypes in breeding programmes.\udWith new knowledge of easily measurable\udsurrogates of transpiration efficiency (TE), a\udtrait associated with drought tolerance—specific leaf\udarea (SLA) and soil plant analytical development\ud(SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), it is\udnow possible to integrate TE through the surrogates\udin breeding and selection schemes in groundnut\ud(Arachis hypogaea L.). As a noninvasive surrogate of\udTE, SCMR is easy to operate, reliable, fairly stable\udand low cost. However, in a large-scale breeding\udprogram, it is difficult to complete SCMR observations\udwithin a specified time. The present study\udaddressed the issue as to what extent the SCMR\udmeasurements can be spread over time by evaluating\ud18 diverse groundnut genotypes for two physiological\udtraits, SCMR and SLA in two postrainy (Nov–Apr)\udseasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004) in India. Observations\udwere recorded at different times during and\udafter the release of moisture deficit stress. There was\udgeneral agreement in genotype and trait performance\udin both the seasons. Interaction between SCMR and\udtime of observation was significant in only one season\ud(2002/2003) but its variance relative to genotypes and\udtime of observation was very small. ICGV 99029 and\udICR 48, which recorded higher SCMR and lower\udSLA values in both the seasons, will make good\udparents for water-use efficiency trait in breeding\udprogrammes. Other good parents include ICGS 76,\udTCGS 647 and TCGP 6. SCMR recorded at three\uddifferent times under differing soil moisture deficit in\udeach season showed highly significant correlation\udwith each other. Similarly, SLA at different times\udalso correlated significantly with each other. SCMR\udand SLA were significantly negatively correlated\udwith each other and the relationship was insensitive\udto time of observation. The results of the present\udstudy indicated that SCMR/SLA observations can be\udrecorded at any time after 60 days of crop growth,\udpreferably under moisture deficit conditions. This\udgives groundnut breeders a large flexibility to record\udthese observations in a large number of segregating\udpopulations and breeding lines in the field. Thus,\udmaking it easy to incorporate these physiological\udtraits associated with drought tolerance in breeding\udand selection scheme in groundnut

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Stability of soil plant analytical development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and specific leaf area (SLA) and their association across varying soil moisture stress conditions in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)