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Software bots have been facilitating several development activities in OpenSource Software (OSS) projects, including code review. However, these bots maybring unexpected impacts to group dynamics, as frequently occurs with newtechnology adoption. Understanding and anticipating such effects is importantfor planning and management. To analyze these effects, we investigate howseveral activity indicators change after the adoption of a code review bot. Weemployed a regression discontinuity design on 1,194 software projects fromGitHub. We also interviewed 12 practitioners, including open-source maintainersand contributors. Our results indicate that the adoption of code review botsincreases the number of monthly merged pull requests, decreases monthlynon-merged pull requests, and decreases communication among developers. Fromthe developers' perspective, these effects are explained by the transparencyand confidence the bot comments introduce, in addition to the changes in thediscussion focused on pull requests. Practitioners and maintainers may leverageour results to understand, or even predict, bot effects on their projects.

Quality Gatekeepers: Investigating the Effects ofCode Review Bots on Pull Request Activities