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To focus on the influence of the intermetallic compound-oxide interface of Pd-based intermetallic phases in methanol steam reforming (MSR), a co-precipitation pathway has been followed to prepare and subsequently structurally and catalytically characterize a set of nanoparticulate Ga 2 O 3 - and In 2 O 3 -supported GaPd 2 and InPd catalysts, respectively. To study the possible promoting effect of In 2 O 3 , an In 2 O 3 -doped Ga 2 O 3 -supported GaPd 2 catalyst has also been examined. While, upon reduction, the same intermetallic compounds are formed, the structure of especially the Ga 2 O 3 support is strikingly different: rhombohedral and spinel-like Ga 2 O 3 phases, as well as hexagonal GaInO 3 and rhombohedral In 2 O 3 phases are observed locally on the materials prior to methanol steam reforming by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Overall, the structure, phase composition and morphology of the co-precipitated catalysts are much more complex as compared to the respective impregnated counterparts. However, this induces a beneficial effect in activity and CO 2 selectivity in MSR. Both Ga 2 O 3 and In 2 O 3 catalysts show a much higher activity, and in the case of GaPd 2 -Ga 2 O 3 , a much higher CO 2 selectivity. The promoting effect of In 2 O 3 is also directly detectable, as the CO 2 selectivity of the co-precipitated supported Ga 2 O 3 -In 2 O 3 catalyst is much higher and comparable to the purely In 2 O 3 -supported material, despite the more complex structure and morphology. In all studied cases, no deactivation effects have been observed even after prolonged time-on-stream for 12 h, confirming the stability of the systems.

catalysis letters

Impregnated and Co-precipitated Pd–Ga2O3, Pd–In2O3 and Pd–Ga2O3–In2O3 Catalysts: Influence of the Microstructure on the CO2 Selectivity in Methanol Steam Reforming