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It has been hypothesized that xylanase inhibitors play important roles in plant defense against microbial pathogens. Currently, there is little information available about xylanase inhibitor OsXIP in rice and its gene expression. We cloned a xylanase inhibitor gene OsXIP from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) genomic DNA. To determine the function of OsXIP, we generated OsXIP-overexpressing transgenic rice plants. The transgenic plants had significantly higher OsXIP expression and showed enhanced defense response to Magnaporthe oryzae compared to the wild-type plants. The results also showed that the increased OsXIP expression was accompanied by the up-regulation of pathogenesisrelated genes. To clarify the OsXIP expression pattern, a ProOsXIP::GUS vector was constructed and transgenic plants were obtained. GUS staining results revealed that OsXIP showed organ-specific expressions in rice plants. OsXIP was primarily expressed in the roots and in the veins, but it was weakly expressed in the leaves. Analyses of the OsXIP expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses indicated that it was drastically induced by biotic stresses and methyl jasmonate treatment. OsXIP, a member of a new class of antifungal proteins, may function as a barrier that prevents the cell wall degradation by xylanases excreted by fungal pathogens. The OsXIP was found to be a stressresponsive gene and it could take part in plant defense via a JA-mediated signaling pathway.

Expression and characteristics of rice xylanase inhibitor OsXIP, a member of a new class of antifungal proteins