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Invasive species can shift the composition of key soil microbial groups, thus creating novel soil microbial communities. To better understand the biological drivers of invasion, we studied plant-microbial interactions in species of the  Brachypodium distachyon  complex, a model system for functional genomic studies of temperate grasses and bioenergy crops. While  Brachypodium hybridum  invasion in California is in an incipient stage, threatening natural and agricultural systems, its diploid progenitor species  B. distachyon  is not invasive in California. We investigated the root, soil, and rhizosphere bacterial composition of  Brachypodium hybridum  in both its native and invaded range, and of  B. distachyon  in the native range. We used high-throughput, amplicon sequencing to evaluate if the bacteria associated with these plants differ, and whether biotic controls may be driving  B. hybridum  invasion. Bacterial community composition of  B. hybridum  differed based on provenance (native or invaded range) for root, rhizosphere, and bulk soils, as did the abundance of dominant bacterial taxa. Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and  Bacillus  spp. (species) were significantly more abundant in  B. hybridum  roots from the invaded range, whereas Proteobacteria, Firmicutes,  Erwinia  and  Pseudomonas  were more abundant in the native range roots.  Brachypodium hybridum  forms novel biotic interactions with a diverse suite of rhizosphere microbes from the invaded range, which may not exert a similar influence within its native range, ostensibly contributing to  B. hybridum’s  invasiveness. These associated plant microbiomes could inform future management approaches for  B. hybridum  in its invaded range and could be key to understanding, predicting, and preventing future plant invasions.

Enriched root bacterial microbiome in invaded vs native ranges of the model grass allotetraploid Brachypodium hybridum