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Monitoring the invasion process of the Asian tiger mosquito  Aedes albopictus  and its interaction with the contender  Aedes aegypti,  is critical to prevent and control the arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., Arboviruses) they transmit to humans. Generally, the superior ecological competitor  Ae. albopictus  displaces  Ae. aegypti  from most geographic areas, with the combining factors of biology and environment influencing the competitive outcome. Nonetheless, detailed studies asserting displacement come largely from sub-tropical areas, with relatively less effort being made in tropical environments, including no comprehensive research about  Aedes  biological interactions in Mesoamerica. Here, we examine contemporary and historical mosquito surveillance data to assess the role of shifting abiotic conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing  Aedes  species in the Republic of Panama. In accordance with prior studies, we show that  Ae. albopictus  has displaced  Ae. aegypti  under suboptimal wet tropical climate conditions and more vegetated environments within the southwestern Azuero Peninsula. Conversely, in the eastern Azuero Peninsula,  Ae. aegypti  persists with  Ae. albopictus  under optimal niche conditions in a dry and more seasonal tropical climate. While species displacement was stable over the course of two years, the presence of both species generally appears to fluctuate in tandem in areas of coexistence.  Aedes albopictus  was always more frequently found and abundant regardless of location and climatic season. The heterogenous environmental conditions of Panama shape the competitive outcome and micro-geographic distribution of  Aedes  mosquitoes, with potential consequences for the transmission dynamics of urban and sylvatic zoonotic diseases.   Supplementary Information  The online version of this article (10.1007/s10530-021-02482-y).

biological invasions

The role of heterogenous environmental conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes mosquitoes in Panama: implications for the landscape of arboviral disease transmission