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The 25 years following the serendipitous discovery of megamasers have seentremendous progress in the study of luminous extragalactic H$_2$O emission.Single-dish monitoring and high resolution interferometry have been used toidentify sites of massive star formation, to study the interaction of nuclearjets with dense molecular gas and to investigate the circumnuclear environmentof active galactic nuclei (AGN). Accretion disks with radii of 0.1--3 pc weremapped and masses of nuclear engines of order 10$^{6}$--10$^{8}$ M$_{\odot}$were determined. So far, $\sim$50 extragalactic H$_2$O maser sources have beendetected, but few have been studied in detail.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, review accepted for publication in ApSS,  Contribution to "Dense Molecular Gas around Protostars and in Galactic  Nuclei", a European Workshop 2004 on Astronomical Molecules, held 17-20 Feb.,  Zwolle, the Netherlands, eds. Y. Hagiwara, W.A. Baan & H.J. van Langeveld

H_2O Megamasers: Accretion Disks, Jet Interaction, Outflows or Massive Star Formation?