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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an oil-based substrate, The Water Cleanser™ (TWC). The first experiment studied the effects two substrates of different oil composition (TWC, TWC +), and a commercial bacterial additive (Bio-Aid) on concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in indoor aquaria. The second experiment studied the effects of TWC, a bacterial additive, and a combination (TWC + B) on concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous, phytoplankton abundance and diversity in outdoor freshwater crayfish ( Cherax cainii , Austin and Ryan, Invertebr Syst 16:357–367, 2002) tanks. In the first experiment, the concentration of TAN decreased more rapidly with Bio-Aid, whilst the maximum concentrations of NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N were reduced with the substrates. The concentration of orthophosphate was reduced in aquaria with TWC + . In the second experiment, concentrations of TAN, NO 2 -N, NO 3 -N and total phosphate were not significantly affected by TWC. After addition of TWC + B, there was a significant decrease in the concentrations of nitrate and total phosphate, and a higher abundance of phytoplankton was maintained than with other treatments. Additionally, a population  Bacillus  sp. was found on the substrate surface. TWC had no adverse effects on phytoplankton abundance or diversity, or  C. cainii  physiology, weight gain or survival. TWC and TWC + were effective bioremediators of eutrophic water, whilst a combination of TWC + B was effective in short term bioremediation and in promoting phytoplankton abundance in  C. cainii  tank culture.

aquaculture international

Effects of an oil-based substrate (The Water Cleanser™) and bacterial additives on nitrogen and phosphorous dynamics in freshwater crayfish (Cherax cainii, Austin and Ryan 2002) aquaculture