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The generalist predator  Euseius stipulatus  (Athias-Henriot) and the Tetranychidae-specialist predators  Neoseiulus californicus  (McGregor) and  Phytoseiulus persimilis  Athias-Henriot play a key role in the regulation of  Tetranychus urticae  Koch in Spanish citrus orchards. Previous studies have shown that sour orange ( Citrus aurantium  L.) and Cleopatra mandarin ( Citrus reshni  hort. ex Tan.) display extreme resistance and susceptibility to  T. urticae , respectively. When offered a choice between these two genotypes infested by  T. urticae ,  E. stipulatus  preferred Cleopatra mandarin, whereas the specialists did not show any preference. The present study was undertaken to check whether these preferences could be related to the feeding of  E. stipulatus  on the host plant and/or to differences in prey feeding on the two plants. Our results demonstrate that  E. stipulatus  is a zoophytophagous mite, which can engage in direct plant feeding in sour orange and Cleopatra mandarin, whereas neither  N. californicus  nor  P. persimilis  do so. Whereas Cleopatra mandarin provided a higher-quality prey/feeding substrate for  E. stipulatus , which may be related to its phytophagy, no differences were observed for the two specialists. As higher constitutive and faster inducible defense against  T. urticae  in sour orange relative to Cleopatra mandarin plants result in sour orange supporting lower  T. urticae  densities and plant damage, our results demonstrate that pest regulation by specialist natural enemies may be more effective when prey feed on better defended plants.

experimental and applied acarology

Plant-feeding may explain why the generalist predator Euseius stipulatus does better on less defended citrus plants but Tetranychus-specialists Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis do not