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In human locomotion, sensorimotor synchronization of gait consists of thecoordination of stepping with rhythmic auditory cues (auditory cueing, AC). ACchanges the long-range correlations among consecutive strides (fractaldynamics) into anti-correlations. Visual cueing (VC) is the alignment of steplengths with marks on the floor. The effects of VC on the fluctuation structureof walking have not been investigated. Therefore, the objective was to comparethe effects of AC and VC on the fluctuation pattern of basic spatiotemporalgait parameters. Thirty-six healthy individuals walked 3 x 500 strides on aninstrumented treadmill with augmented reality capabilities. The conditions wereno cueing (NC), AC, and VC. AC included an isochronous metronome. In VC,projected stepping stones were synchronized with the treadmill speed. Detrendedfluctuation analysis assessed the correlation structure. The coefficient ofvariation (CV) was also assessed. The results showed that AC and VC similarlyinduced a strong anti-correlated pattern in the gait parameters. The CVs weresimilar between the NC and AC conditions but substantially higher in the VCcondition. AC and VC probably mobilize similar motor control pathways and canbe used alternatively in gait rehabilitation. However, the increased gaitvariability induced by VC should be considered.

Fractal Fluctuations in Human Walking: Comparison between Auditory and Visually Guided Stepping