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The Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia) has suffered\udfrom habitat loss due to changes in forestry practices\udin many regions of Europe. The widespread conversion of\udstructurally heterogeneous to uniform, single-layered\udstands has caused many of its populations to decline. The\udtrend in multi-functional forestry towards more dynamic\udprocesses and natural rejuvenation offers a unique opportunity\udto restore many habitats of Hazel Grouse in core\udareas of its actual distribution. As the Alps represent a\udstronghold of Hazel Grouse distribution in Central Europe,\udwe aimed to determine the species–habitat relationship in\udmountain forests. We assessed the distribution and characteristics\udof Hazel Grouse habitat in a forest reserve of the\udSwiss Alps. Abiotic, structural and vegetation characteristics\udwere investigated at the small scale, and abiotic and\udforest inventory data at the large scale. We compared the\udhabitat characteristics of used and unused forest stands\udwith a raster system consisting of bird presence and\udabsence cells by applying a logistic regression. Hazel\udGrouse preferred stands with high proportions of tall\udrowans, forest edges, and a dense shrub layer at the small\udscale. Rowans had the strongest influence on Hazel Grouse\udoccurrence. At the large scale, Hazel Grouse preferred\udforests with large proportions of alder and a diverse mosaic\udof canopy closure and stand structure. For 44% of the study\udarea, the large-scale model predicted a probability of Hazel\udGrouse occurrence of more than 0.5. Our data supports the\udrecommendation that the availability of suitable habitat for\udHazel Grouse can be increased by natural reforestation of\udtree-fall gaps and stands with bark beetle infestation, as\udwell as by enhancing the proportion of old-growth stands.\udBoth measures will augment the shrub cover and number of\udrowan trees, two essential habitat and food resources for\udHazel Grouse in mountain forests

Winter habitat selection and conservation of Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia) in mountain forests