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Aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the development of root caries lesions with and without (adjuvant) professional prevention treatment over 24 months. 20 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included ( n  = 52), whereby lesions were randomly assigned to one out of three groups depending on varnish application (CF: Cervitec F [ n  = 20], P: placebo [ n  = 20], DP: Duraphate [ n  = 12]). All lesions were assessed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF; QRayCam); following outcome parameters were analyzed: fluorescence loss (Δ F  %), lesion volume (Δ Q  %µm 2 ) and bacterial activity (Δ R  %). Professional tooth cleaning and adjuvant varnish application were performed at baseline, after 3, 6, and 9 months. A follow-up examination was performed 1 year after preventive care with varnish application 24 months after baseline. ∆ F  showed a significant time effect in CF ( p  = 0.03), which was not confirmed in post hoc analysis ( p  &gt; 0.05). For P and DP, no time effect was detected ( p  &gt; 0.05). ∆Q was significantly higher 12 months after baseline in CF ( p  = 0.02). In P, a significant time effect occurred ( p  = 0.01), without significant results in post hoc testing. ∆ R  showed higher values at baseline vs. 12 months in CF ( p  = 0.03) and 24 months compared to 12 months in DP ( p  = 0.02). Professional preventive treatment inhibited the progression of root caries lesions beyond their termination for 12 months, irrespective of an adjunctive varnish application. Preventive measures have a long-term effect on root carious lesions, even 1 year after their termination.

How do carious root lesions develop after the end of professional preventive measures?—Preliminary findings of a randomized clinical trial