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Malacobdella arrokeana is an entocommensal  nemertean exclusively found in the bivalve geoduck Panopea  abbreviata, and it is the only representative of the genus  in the southern hemisphere. To characterize its genetic  diversity, population structure and recent demographic  history, we conducted the first genetic survey on this species,  using sequence data for the cytochrome oxidase I gene  (COI), 16S rRNA (16S) and the internal transcribed spacer  (ITS2). Only four different ITS2 genotypes were found in  the whole sample, and the two main haplotypes identified in  the mitochondrial dataset were present among all localities  with a diversity ranging from 0.583 to 0.939. Nucleotide  diversity was low (p = 0.001?0.002). No significant  genetic structure was detected between populations, and  mismatch distribution patterns and neutrality tests results  are consistent with a population in expansion or under  selection. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA)  revealed that the largest level of variance observed was due  to intrapopulation variation (100, 100 and 94.39 % for 16S,  COI and ITS2, respectively). Fst values were also non-significant.  The observed lack of population structure is likely  due to high levels of genetic connectivity in combination  with the lack or permeability of biogeographic barriers and  episodes of habitat modification.Fil: Fernandez Alfaya, Jose Elias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Bigatti, Gregorio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Machordom, Annie. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Museo Nacional de Cs. Naturales; Españ

Mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveal a lack of genetic structure in the entocommensal nemertean Malacobdella arrokeana in the Patagonian gulfs