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Data recorded by the JADE experiment at the PETRA e^+e^- collider were usedto measure the event shape observables thrust, heavy jet mass, wide and totaljet broadening and the differential 2-jet rate in the Durham scheme. For thelatter three observables, no experimental results have previously beenpresented at these energies. The distributions were compared with resummed QCDcalulations (O(alpha_s^2)+NLLA), and the strong coupling constant alpha_s(Q)was determined at different energy scales Q=sqrt{s}. The results,  \alpha_s(22 GeV) = 0.161 ^{+0.016}_{-0.011},  \alpha_s(35 GeV) = 0.143 ^{+0.011}_{-0.007},  \alpha_s(44 GeV) = 0.137 ^{+0.010}_{-0.007}, are in agreement with previouscombined results of PETRA albeit with smaller uncertainties. Together withcorresponding data from LEP, the energy dependence of alpha_s is significantlytested and is found to be in good agreement with the QCD expectation.Similarly, mean values of the observables were compared to analytic QCDpredictions where hadronisation effects are absorbed in calculable powercorrections.Comment: 36 pages, LaTeX2e, 34 .eps-files included, submitted to Z. Phys. C,  revised version, with comments of referee included and some typos corrected,  accepted for publicatio

A study of event shapes and determinations of $\alpha_s$ using data of ${\rm e^+e-}$ annihilations at $\sqrt{s} =22$ to 44 GeV