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The interlayer tunneling mechanism of the cuprate high temperaturesuperconductors involves a conversion of the confinement kinetic energy of theelectrons perpendicular to the CuO-planes ($c$-axis) in the normal state to thepair binding energy in the superconducting state. This mechanism is discussedand the arguments are presented from the point of view of general principles.It is shown that recent measurements of the $c$-axis properties support theidea that the electrons substantially lower their $c$-axis kinetic energy uponentering the superconducting state, a change that is nearly impossible in anyconventional mechanism. The proper use of a $c$-axis conductivity sum rule isshown to resolve puzzles involving the penetration depth and the opticalmeasurements.Comment: A few typos are corrected and the footnote 11 expande

Do electrons change their c-axis kinetic energy upon entering the superconducting state?