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The linear compressibility of two-dimensional fatty acid mesophases hasdetermined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. Surface pressure vsmolecular area isotherms were reconstructed from these measurements, and thelinear compressibility (relative distortion along a given direction forisotropic applied stress) was determined both in the sample plane and in aplane normal to the aliphatic chain director (transverse plane). The linearcompressibilities range over two orders of magnitude from 0.1 to 10 m/N and aredistributed depending on their magnitude in 4 different sets which we are ableto associate with different molecular mechanisms. The largest compressibilities(10m/N) are observed in the tilted phases. They are apparently independent ofthe chain length and could be related to the reorganization of the headgrouphydrogen-bounded network, whose role should be revalued. Intermediatecompressibilities are observed in phases with quasi long-range order(directions normal to the molecular tilt in L_2 or L_2' phases, S phase), andcould be related to the ordering of these phases. The lowest compressibilitiesare observed in the solid untilted CS phase and for 1 direction of the S andL_2'' phases. They are similar to the compressibility of crystalline polymersand correspond to the interactions between methyl groups in the crystal.Finally, negative compressibilities are observed in the transverse plane forL_2' and L_2'' phases and can be traced to subtle reorganizations uponuntilting.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figure

Microscopic measurement of the linear compressibilities of two-dimensional fatty acid mesophases