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User modeling and personalization are commonly used in multiple systems, in which users are characterized based on explicit information about their prior knowledge, behavior, social relations, or preferences, with the aim to adapt a generic system behavior to the particularities of each user. In parallel, the ubiquitous use of social networking sites and mobile and smart devices generates massive data that open opportunities for enhancing and changing the personalization paradigm. The analysis of the data obtained through the aforementioned sources offers new research opportunities across a wide range of disciplines, including media and communication studies, linguistics, sociology, health, psychology, information and computer sciences, or education. This allows researchers and practitioners to mine and analyze user behavior aiming at discovering knowledge that would allow them to better understand users, and thereby create more accurate models and personalization strategies. At the same time, this influx of new types of data gives rise to the need for further development of innovative methods and approaches to mine this data, and this has important implications in the context of inclusive eGovernment and Smart Cities. In this context, applications could leverage on the mined user models to design and tailor services according to the characteristics and needs of each particular citizen. The aim of this special issue is to explore recent advances in mining and understanding data generated by citizens, as well as proposing new approaches in regard to how to tackle the new challenges that arise. Such challenges for example include the process of knowledge discovery, the long-term availability of data, the interpretation of user-generated information, ethical and legal considerations, the heterogeneous nature of information, the high volume of available data, and the creation of longterm user models that adapt to the dynamics of life. The papers received are a well-balanced combination of original contributions in the form of theoretical foundations, experimental and methodological developments, comparative analyses, experiments, and case studies in the field. In this preface,we first summarize in Section 2 themanuscripts that have been accepted as part of this special issue, and then discuss, in Section 3, the next steps and challenges that lie ahead.

Special issue on knowledge discovery and user modeling for smart cities