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The western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) is crucial to the East Asian summer climate, and geopotential height (H) is widely used to measure the WPNSH. However, a rapidly rising trend of H in the future is projected by the models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Diagnoses based on the hypsometric equation suggest that more than 80% of the rise in H are attributable to zonal uniform warming. Because circulation is determined by the gradient of H rather than its absolute magnitude, the spatially uniform rising trend of H gives rise to difficulties when measuring the WNPSH with H. These difficulties include an invalid western boundary of WNPSH in the future and spurious information regarding long-term trends and interannual variability of WNPSH. Using CMIP5 model simulations and reanalysis data, the applicability of a metric based on eddy geopotential height (He) to the warming climate is investigated. The results show that the He metric outperforms the H metric under warming climate conditions. First, the mean state rainfall-He relationship is more robust than the rainfall-H relationship. Second, the area, intensity, and western boundary indices of WNPSH can be effectively defined by the He = 0-m contour in future warming climate scenarios without spurious trends. Third, the interannual variability of East Asian summer rainfall is more closely related to the He-based WNPSH indices. We recommend that the He metric be adopted as an operational metric on the WNPSH under the current warming climate.

Using eddy geopotential height to measure the western North Pacific subtropical high in a warming climate