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The structure of perigonal nectaries, nectar\udproduction and carbohydrate composition were compared\udat various stages in the lifespan of the flower of Fritillaria\udmeleagris L. The six nectaries each occupied a groove that\udis located 2–4 mm above the tepal base. The average\udnectary measured 11.0 mm long and 1.0–1.2 mm wide.\udThe structure of nectaries situated on both inner and outer\udtepal whorls was identical, and at anthesis they were\udequally accessible to potential pollinators. However,\udsecretion from nectaries associated with inner tepals tended\udto exceed that produced by nectaries located on the outer\udtepals. On average, regardless of flower stage, one flower\udsecreted 10.87 ± 12.98 mg of nectar (mean and SD;\udN = 182). The nectar concentration ranged between 3 and\ud75%, with average concentration of sugars exceeding 50%.\udBoth nectar production and concentration were dependent\udon the stage of anthesis, with the highest scores being\udrecorded during full anthesis (21.75 ± 16.08 mg; 70.5%,\udmass and concentration, respectively) and the lowest at the\udend of anthesis (1.32 ± 2.69 mg; 16.9%, mass and concentration,\udrespectively). A decline in both mass of nectar\udsecreted and nectar concentration during the final stage of\udanthesis indicates nectar resorption. Nectar was composed\udof sucrose, glucose and fructose in approx. equal quantities,\udand its composition did not change significantly during\udsubsequent stages of flowering. The nectaries comprised a\udsingle-layered secretory epidermis and several layers of\udsubepidermal parenchyma. The nectariferous cells did not\udaccumulate starch during any of the investigated stages.\udThe nectary was supplied with one large and several\udsmaller vascular bundles comprising xylem and phloem.\udTransport of assimilates and nectar secretion by protoplasts\udof secretory cells (and probably also nectar resorption)\udwere facilitated by cell wall ingrowths present on the tangential\udwalls of epidermal cells and subepidermal parenchyma.\udEpidermal cells lacked stomata. Nectar passed\udacross the cell wall and through the cuticle which was\udclearly perforated with pores

Secretion and composition of nectar and the structure of perigonal nectaries in Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae)