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.  Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the fields of modern technology, in which a characterization of structural and chemical properties of solid surfaces at the microscopic level is of enormous importance. For a long time, such insights have been precluded by the complexity of most catalytically active materials. Recently, substantial progress has been made, however, toward a microscopic-level understanding of complex catalyst surfaces. We discuss the driving factors for these advancements, which are based on the development of new well-defined model systems as well as on advances in experimental technology and theory. Scrutinizing the example of planar model catalysts, we identify the process of linking structural and chemical information to microscopic reaction kinetics as a particular challenging aspect of today’s work. We review the kinetic effects which may have an influence on the reaction kinetics on complex surfaces. As an example how structural and kinetic information can be correlated at the microscopic level we discuss the case of surface oxidation and oxygen induced restructuring of Pd nanoparticles as studied by molecular beam methods.

Model studies in heterogeneous catalysis at the microscopic level: from the structure and composition of surfaces to reaction kinetics