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The Toulouse ION experiment flown on theRussian Interball-Aurora mission performs simultaneous ion and electronmeasurements. Two mass spectrometers looking in opposing directionsperpendicular to the satellite spin axis, which points toward the sun, measureions in the mass and energy ranges 1–32 amu and ~0–14 000 eV. Two electronspectrometers also looking in opposing directions perform measurements in theenergy range ~10 eV–20 000 eV. The Interball-Aurora spacecraft was launched on29 August 1996 into a 62.8° inclination orbit with an apogee of ~3 RE.The satellite orbital period is 6 h, so that every four orbits the satellitesweeps about the same region of the auroral zone; the orbit plane drifts aroundthe pole in ~9 months. We present a description of the ION experiment anddiscuss initial measurements performed in the cusp near noon, in the polar cleftat dusk, and inside the proton aurora at dawn. Ion-dispersed energy structuresresulting from time-of-flight effects are observed both in the polar cleft at~16 hours MLT and in the dawnside proton aurora close to 06 hours MLT.Magnetosheath plasma injections in the polar cleft, which appear as overlappingenergy bands in particle energy-time spectrograms, are traced backwards in timeusing a particle trajectory model using 3D electric and magnetic field models.We found that the cleft ion source is located at distances of the order of 18 REfrom the earth at about 19 MLT, i.e., on the flank of the magnetopause. Theseobservations are in agreement with flux transfer events (FTE) occurring not onlyon the front part of the magnetopause but also in a region extending at least todusk. We also show that, during quiet magnetic conditions, time-of-flight iondispersions can also be measured inside the dawn proton aurora. A method similarto that used for the cleft is applied to these auroral energy dispersionsignatures. Unexpectedly, the ion source is found to be at distances of theorder of 60–80 RE, at the dawn flank of the magnetosphere. Theseresults are discussed in terms of possible entry, acceleration, andprecipitation mechanisms. Key words. Magnetospheric physics · Auroral phenomena· Energetic particles · Magnetopause · cusp · and boundary layers ·Interball-Aurora satellite

The ion experiment onboard the Interball-Aurora satellite; initial results on velocity-dispersed structures in the cleft and inside the auroral oval