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The mechanism of the NmF2peak formation at different levels of solar activity is analyzed using MillstoneHill IS radar observations. The hmF2 nighttimeincrease due to thermospheric winds and the downward plasmaspheric fluxes arethe key processes responsible for the NmF2 peakformation. The electron temperature follows with the opposite sign the electrondensity variations in this process. This mechanism provides a consistency withthe Millstone Hill observations on the set of main parameters. The observeddecrease of the nighttime NmF2 peak amplitude withsolar activity is due to faster increasing of the recombination efficiencycompared to the plasmaspheric flux increase. The E×B plasmadrifts are shown to be inefficient for the NmF2nighttime peak formation at high solar activity. Key words: Ionosphere (ionosphere-atmosphereinteractions; mid-latitude ionosphere; plasma temperature and density

annales geophysicae

On the mechanism of the post-midnight winter &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; enhancements: dependence on solar activity