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We employ a stochastic dominance (SD) approach to analyze the components that contribute to environmental degradation over time. The variables include countries’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water pollution. Our approach is based on pair-wise SD tests. First, we study the dynamic progress of each separate variable over time, from 1990 to 2005, within 5-year horizons. Then, pair-wise SD tests are used to study the major industry contributors to the overall GHG emissions and water pollution at any given time, to uncover the industry which contributes the most to total emissions and water pollution. While CO emissions increased in the first-order SD sense over 15 years, water pollution increased in a second-order SD sense. Electricity and heat production were the major contributors to the CO emissions, while the food industry gradually became the major water polluting industry over time.

Air and water pollution over time and industries with stochastic dominance