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Background Radiation exposure is inherently involved in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which could cause radiation-induced injury to endoscopists with long-term exposure. Nonradiation ERCP has been applied to pregnant patients. Conceivably, the same techniques could be used to benefit endoscopists. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nonradiation-to-endoscopist (NRE) ERCP, compared with standard ERCP. Methods A retrospective, single-center study was conducted from August 2010 to December 2015. Patients aged 18–90 years and with choledocholithiasis (&lt; 15 mm) or distal biliary stricture were eligible. Pre-ERCP evaluation with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was mandatory. To overcome selection bias, we performed 1:2 match using propensity score matching (PSM) between NRE and standard groups. The primary endpoint was overall ERCP success rate. Secondary endpoints were cannulation success rate, stone clearance rate, complication rate, and duration of hospitalization. Results A total of 329 patients met inclusion criteria. After PSM, 73 patients were included in the NRE group and 146 in the standard group. The ERCP overall success rate for NRE and standard groups was equivalent (94.5% vs. 93.2%,  P  = 0.70). There was no difference in cannulation success rates between the two groups (95.6% vs. 97.8%,  P  = 0.39). A total of 88.3% of patients in the NRE group and 93.9% of patients in the standard group had stones cleared at initial ERCP ( P  = 0.57). No difference in overall stone clearance rate between the two groups (95.0% vs. 93.9%,  P  = 0.77) was found after second ERCP. The complication rate (1.4% vs. 1.4%,  P  = 1.00) and hospital duration (8.3 ± 5.1 vs. 10.2 ± 8.8 days,  P  = 0.07) were not different between the two groups. Conclusion Although technically demanding, NRE-ERCP is both safe and feasible in selected patients compared with standard ERCP.

Nonradiation-to-endoscopist ERCP is non-inferior to standard ERCP