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Strategies to control goat coccidiosis traditionally rely on the use of management practices combined with anticoccidial treatments, and limited effort has been made, so far, to address immunological control of caprine  Eimeria  infections. Previously, we showed that monospecific immunization with X-Rad-attenuated  Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae  oocysts induced considerable immunoprotection upon challenge. In the present study, we conducted a similar vaccination trial but using a mixture of caprine  Eimeria  species typically present in natural infected goats. For immunization, sporulated oocysts were attenuated by X irradiation (20 kilorad). All infections were performed orally applying 10 5  sporulated oocysts of mixed  Eimeria  spp. per animal. In total, 18 goat kids were grouped as follows: (G1) immunized + challenge infected; (G2) primary + challenge infected; (G3) challenge infection control; and (G4) non-immunized/non-infected control. Overall, goat kids infected with attenuated oocysts (= immunized) shed less oocysts in the faeces and showed a lower degree of clinical coccidiosis than animals infected with non-attenuated oocysts. Animals of both challenge groups (G1 and G2) showed partial immunoprotection upon reinfection when compared to challenge infection control (G3). However, the degree of immunoprotection was less pronounced than recently reported for monospecific vaccination against  Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae , most probably due to the complexity of the pathogenesis and related immune responses against mixed  Eimeria  spp. infections. Nevertheless, the data of the present study demonstrate that immunization with attenuated  Eimeria  spp. oocysts may be worth pursuing as a strategy to control goat coccidiosis.

Immunoprotection against mixed Eimeria spp. infections in goat kids induced by X-irradiated oocysts