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Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by  Babesia caballi  and  Theileria equi  that is potentially emerging in non-endemic countries. We conducted a descriptive study to investigate EP prevalence and spatial distribution in an endemic region: the Camargue and the Plain of La Crau in France. In spring 2015 and 2016, we carried out sampling at stables (total  n  = 46) with a history of horses presenting chronic fever or weight loss. Overall, we collected blood from 632 horses, which were also inspected for ticks; these horses had been housed in the target stables for at least 1 year. We obtained 585 ticks from these horses and described land use around the stables. Real-time PCR was employed to assess  T. equi  and  B. caballi  prevalence in the horses and in the ticks found on the horses. For the horses,  T. equi  and  B. caballi  prevalence was 68.6% and 6.3%, respectively. For the ticks found on the horses, prevalence was 28.8% for  T. equi  and 0.85% for  B. caballi.  The most common tick species were, in order of frequency,  Rhipicephalus bursa ,  R. sanguineus sl. ,  Hyalomma marginatum ,  Haemaphysalis punctata , and  Dermacentor  sp. Horses bearing  Rhipicephalus  ticks occurred in wetter zones, closer to agricultural areas, permanent crops, and ditches, as well as in drier zones, in the more northern countryside. Compared to horses bearing  R. bursa , horses bearing  R. sanguineus sl.  more frequently occurred near the Rhone River. Prevalence of  T. equi  in the ticks was as follows:  Hyalomma marginatum  (43%),  Dermacentor  sp. (40%),  R. bursa  (33%),  R. sanguineus sl.  (19%), and  Haemaphysalis punctata  (17%). In contrast,  B. caballi  only occurred in  Dermacentor  sp. (20%) and  R. bursa  (1%).

Molecular assessment of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi prevalence in horses and ticks on horses in southeastern France