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This study investigated the distribution of nematode larvae of Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae (genera  Anisakis  and  Hysterothylacium ) in  Trachurus trachurus  (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Ligurian and central-northern Tyrrhenian Seas. The relationship between the number of parasites and the length and weight parameters of the fish was assessed, and the possible effect of the parasites on the condition factor was evaluated. A total of 190 T . trachurus  specimens were collected in July 2019. Parasites were found in 70 individuals. A total of 161 visible larvae were collected in the viscera. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of  Anisakis  spp. in 55 fish and  Hysterothylacium  spp. in 15 fish, while 5 fish showed coinfection with both genera. The specimens subjected to PCR (n = 67) showed that 85% of the  Anisakis  larvae analyzed belonged to the species  A. pegreffii , while the remaining 15% belonged to hybrids of  A. pegreffii - A. simplex  (s.s.). A total of 58% (n = 7) of the  Hysterothylacium  larvae analyzed belonged to the species  H. fabri , while 42% belonged to the species  H. aduncum . Our results support the hypothesis that infection with these parasites does not affect the condition of the fish host analyzed, and that body size and depth are major drivers in determining infection levels with Anisakid and Raphidascaridid nematodes.

Anisakid and Raphidascaridid parasites in Trachurus trachurus: infection drivers and possible effects on the host’s condition