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Main conclusion  The function of  SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOX  gene  TaSPL14  in wheat is similar to that of  OsSPL14  in rice in regulating plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and thousand-grain weight of wheat, but differs during tiller development. TaSPL14 may regulate spike development via ethylene-response gene  EIN3-LIKE 1  ( TaEIL1 ),  ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2.11  ( TaRAP2.11 ), and  ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1  ( TaERF1 ), but not  DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1  ( TaDEP1 ) in wheat.    Abstract  The  SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE  gene  OsSPL14  from rice is considered to be a major determinant of ideal plant architecture consisting of few unproductive tillers, more grains per spike, and high resistance of stems to lodging. However, the function of its orthologous gene,  TaSPL14 , in wheat is unknown. Here, we reported the functional similarities and differences between  TaSPL14  and  OsSPL14 . Similar to  OsSPL14  knock-outs in rice, wheat  TaSPL14  knock-out plants exhibited decreased plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and thousand-grain weight. In contrast to  OsSPL14 , however,  TaSPL14  did not affect tiller number. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to ethylene response was significantly decreased in young spikes of  TaSPL14  knock-out lines as compared with wild type. TaSPL14 directly binds to the promoters of the ethylene-response genes  TaEIL1 ,  TaRAP2.11,  and  TaERF1,  and promotes their expression, suggesting that  TaSPL14  might regulate wheat spike development via the ethylene-response pathway. The elucidation of  TaSPL14  will contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie wheat plant architecture.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00425-020-03531-x.

Pleiotropic function of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE gene TaSPL14 in wheat plant architecture