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Accurate placement of spinal pedicle screws (PS) is mandatory for good primary segmental stabilization allowing consequent osseous fusion, requiring judgmental experience developed during a long training process. Computer navigation offers permanent visual control during screw manipulation and has been shown to significantly lower the risk of pedicle perforation. This study aims to evaluate whether safety, accuracy, and judgmental skills in screw placement, comparable to an experienced surgeon, can be developed during training using computer navigation.

Navigation versus experience: providing training in accurate lumbar pedicle screw positioning