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We review and compare the phenomenological aspects and physical origin ofshear-localization and shear-banding in various material types, namelyemulsions, suspensions, colloids, granular materials and micellar systems. Itappears that shear-banding, which must be distinguished from the simple effectof coexisting static-flowing regions in yield stress fluids, occurs in the formof a progressive evolution of the local viscosity towards two significantlydifferent values in two adjoining regions of the fluids in which the stresstakes slightly different values. This suggests that from a global point of viewshear-banding in these systems has a common physical origin: two physicalphenomena (for example, in colloids, destructuration due to flow andrestructuration due to aging) are in competition and, depending on the flowconditions, one of them becomes dominant and makes the system evolve in aspecific direction.

Phenomenology and physical origin of shear-localization and shear-banding in complex fluids