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Purpose Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesized that fortifying a meal with mushrooms rich in  β -glucans may diminish glucose and triglyceride responses by improving postprandial gastrointestinal hormone release. Methods In a randomized controlled crossover study, 22 subjects with IGT ingested a meal either enriched with 20 g powder (8.1 g  β -glucans) of oven-dried  Pleurotus ostreatus  (enriched meal, EN) or without enrichment (control meal, CON). Blood was collected before and repeatedly within 4 h after the meal to determine AUC of glucose (primary outcome), insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite sensations (hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed before and after meal consumption by visual analog scales. Results Postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, GIP and ghrelin concentrations as well as the corresponding AUCs did not differ between EN and CON. NEFAs-AUC was 14% lower ( P  = 0.026) and GLP-1-AUC 17% higher ( P  = 0.001) after EN compared to CON. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, except for hunger (AUC 22% lower after EN vs. CON;  P  = 0.031). Conclusion The observed immediate postprandial metabolic changes indicate that an easily manageable fortification of a single meal with powder from dried oyster mushrooms as  β -glucan source may improve postprandial metabolism. If the effect is preserved long term, this measure can diminish the risk for further development of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trial Register on 09/08/2018; trial-ID: DRKS00015244.

european journal of nutrition

Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial