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The main objective of this article is to establish a new mechanism of the ElNino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as a self-organizing and self-excitationsystem, with two highly coupled processes. The first is the oscillation betweenthe two metastable warm (El Nino phase) and cold events (La Nina phase), andthe second is the spatiotemporal oscillation of the sea surface temperature(SST) field. The interplay between these two processes gives rises the climatevariability associated with the ENSO, leads to both the random anddeterministic features of the ENSO, and defines a new natural feedbackmechanism, which drives the sporadic oscillation of the ENSO. The new mechanismis rigorously derived using a dynamic transition theory developed recently bythe authors, which has also been successfully applied to a wide range ofproblems in nonlinear sciences.

El Niño southern oscillation as sporadic oscillations between metastable states