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Soil P pools are strongly driven by microbial activities, and vice versa, P pools shape bacterial communities and their functional potential. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) represent a microbial hotspot for nutrient turnover. We compared biocrusts and bulk soil samples from different temperate beech ( Fagus sylvatica  L.) forests representing a gradient in soil texture, nutrient concentrations, and pH values at biocrust peak biomass. We measured the total and plant-available P and N concentrations and assessed the bacterial potential to mineralize ( phoD ,  phnX ), solubilize ( gcd ), and take up P ( pstS  and  pitA ) and mineralize ( chiA ,  apr ) and fix N ( nifH ) by quantifying the respective marker genes (qPCR). We found an increase of absolute and relative bacterial abundance involved in P turnover in biocrusts, but the strategy to acquire P differed between the regions as bacteria harboring the starvation-induced  pstS  gene were most abundant where labile P was lowest. In contrast, the region with lowest total P concentrations has a higher potential to utilize more stable phosphonates. N mineralization was strongly correlated to P turnover at regions with increased labile N and P concentrations. Interestingly, the potential to fix N was highest in the bulk soil where total P concentrations were highest. Even though the correlation of N and P turnover is strongest if their ratio is low, the acquisition strategy strongly depends on soil properties.

Correlation of the abundance of bacteria catalyzing phosphorus and nitrogen turnover in biological soil crusts of temperate forests of Germany