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The type three secretion system (T3SS) is known to play a critical role in several bacterial-eukaryotic cell interactions. Recent indirect evidence has also pointed to a role of this system in bacterial-fungal interactions in soil. In the current study, we examine if the T3SS of the fungal-interactive Burkholderia terrae strain BS001 can aid in the interaction of this bacterium with two soil fungi, i.e., Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302. We first analyzed the T3SS of strain BS001 and then constructed a knockout mutant of the essential sctD gene. The selected sctD mutant strain did not show any differences to the wild-type strain with respect to its growth and nutrient utilization behavior, excluding polar effects of the mutation. Then, the migration ability of the sctD mutant strain along with the hyphae of Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten growing through presterilized soil was tested, revealing hampered comigration as compared to the wild-type strain. The effect was also observed with T. asperellum 302. However, the migration impairment was only noticed in mixed-inoculation experiments, whereas it remained unnoticed when the two strains were inoculated in separate. These data demonstrate that the T3SS assists B. terrae BS001 in its interaction with two soil fungi, without being essential for these interactions. As far as we know, this is the first time that the role of a T3SS in the comigration of bacteria along with soil-exploring fungi is verified directly

The type three secretion system facilitates migration of Burkholderia terrae BS001 in the mycosphere of two soil-borne fungi